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Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defense (CBRN defense or CBRND) is protective measures taken in situations in which chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear warfare (including terrorism) hazards may be present. CBRN defense consists of CBRN passive protection, contamination avoidance and CBRN mitigation. A CBRN incident differs from a hazardous material incident in both scope (i.e., CBRN can be a mass casualty situation) and intent. CBRN incidents are responded to under the assumption that they are intentional and malicious; evidence preservation and perpetrator apprehension are of greater concern than with HAZMAT incidents. A 2011 forecast concluded that worldwide government spending on CBRN defence products and services would reach US$8.38bn that year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.visiongain.com/Report/569/The-CBRN-Defence-Market-2011-2021 )〕 ==Etymology== In English the term ''CBRN'' is a replacement for the cold war term ''NBC'' (nuclear, biological, and chemical), which had replaced the term ''ABC'' (atomic, biological, and chemical) that was used in the fifties. The addition of the ''R'' (for ''radiological'') is a consequence of the "new" threat of a radiological weapon (also known as "dirty bombs"), in addition to end the joke among members of the Chemical Corps which called "NBC as NoBody Cares". In the new millennium, the term ''CBRNe'' was introduced as an extension of ''CBRN'' - the ''e'' in this term representing the enhanced (improvised) explosives threat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CBRNe hosted buyer - IB Consultancy )〕 Leaders and members of the Chemical Corps also use CBRN as "Could Be Right Now". In Spanish the term ''NRBQ'' (''Nuclear, Radiológico, Bacteriológico y Químico'') has replaced ''NBQ''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CBRN defense」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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